PPT Slide
2.0 The Chemicals of Life
2.1 Covalent bonds
2.1 The making or breaking of covalent bonds involves large energy changes
2.1 Covalent bonds have characteristic geometries
2.1 Covalent double bonds cause all atoms to lie in the same plane
2.1 Electrons are shared unequally in polar covalent bonds
2.1 A water molecule has a net dipole moment caused by unequal sharing of electrons
2.1 Asymmetric carbon atoms are present in most biological molecules
2.1 Stereoisomers of the amino acid alanine
2.1 Different monosaccharides have different arrangements around asymmetric carbons
2.1 ? and ? glycosidic bonds link monosaccharides
2.2 Noncovalent bonds
2.2 Multiple weak bonds stabilize large molecule interactions
2.2 The hydrogen bond underlies water’s chemical and biological properties
2.2 Hydrogen bonds within proteins
2.2 Ionic bonds
2.2 Ions in aqueous solutions are surrounded by water molecules
2.2 van der Waals interactions are caused by transient dipoles
2.2 Hydrophobic bonds cause nonpolar molecules to adhere to one another
2.2 Multiple noncovalent bonds can confer binding specificity
2.2 Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules
2.2 Phospholipids spontaneously assemble via multiple noncovalent interactions to form different structures in aqueous solutions
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